Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA) – Chapter 8 – Recognition of the United Mexican States’ direct, inalienable, and imprescriptible ownership of hydrocarbons

Article 8.1: Recognition of the United Mexican States’ Direct, Inalienable, and Imprescriptible Ownership of Hydrocarbons

1. As provided for in this Agreement, the Parties confirm their full respect for sovereignty and their sovereign right to regulate with respect to matters addressed in this Chapter in accordance with their respective Constitutions and domestic laws, in the full exercise of their democratic processes.  

2. In the case of Mexico, and without prejudice to their rights and remedies available under this Agreement, the United States and Canada recognize that: 

• (a) Mexico reserves its sovereign right to reform its Constitution and its domestic legislation; and
• (b) Mexico has the direct, inalienable, and imprescriptible ownership of all hydrocarbons in the subsoil of the national territory, including the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone located outside the territorial sea and adjacent thereto, in strata or deposits, regardless of their physical conditions pursuant to Mexico’s Constitution (Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos).