Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Appearance at the Senate Standing Committee of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (AEFA) Study on the GR to AEFA’s 12th Report: More Than a Vocation

November 20, 2024
Published: March 17, 2025

Appearance Before the Standing Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade (AEFA)

Government Response to AEFA’s 12th Report: More Than a Vocation: Canada’s Need for a 21st Century Foreign Service

Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs

Wednesday, November 20, 2024

Scenario note

• Your in-person, 90-minute appearance begins at 4:15 p.m.
• The following officials are also accompanying you in-person during the appearance and may be called upon to respond to questions:
  • Antoine Chevrier, Chief Transformation Officer and Assistant Deputy Minister (DMFT)
  • Vera Alexander, Associate Assistant Deputy Minister, People and Talent (HCM)

Committee logistics

• After your opening remarks of up to 5 minutes, the committee will move to rounds of questions.
• Unlike House of Commons Committee practice, questions will be asked on a first come, first served basis. Senators catch the eye of the Clerk by raising their hand indicating they wish to be added to the list. Senators will typically be afforded up to 4 minutes per round of questions unless otherwise indicated by the Chair.
• Any Senator can attend a Senate committee meeting and pose questions, even if they are not a member of that committee.

Committee membership & gac ‘fit for purpose’

• For the full list of committee members, please see the committee biographies included in the briefing binder.
• The Committee conducted a study on the Canadian foreign service and elements of the foreign policy machinery within Global Affairs Canada (GAC ‘Fit for Purpose’) from February 24, 2022, to September 29, 2023.The Committee tabled its final report on December 6, 2023. The Government Response (GR) for which you are appearing was tabled on June 13, 2024.
  • Your appearance will be the only meeting the committee plans to hold on the GR.
  • Minister Joly was initially invited to appear, but the committee redirected the invitation to officials.
• Your last appearance before the committee was in support of Minister Joly on June 8, 2023, when she appeared as part of this committee’s study.
  • The tone of this meeting was cordial, with Senators asking questions on a wide range of topics: foreign service officers’ proficiency in foreign languages; how GAC will develop a culture of greater risk tolerance; recruitment and retention of personnel from less represented groups, linguistic minorities, and regions in Canada as well as young professionals; improved communication and expertise-sharing with OGDs; use of technology and digital tools in Canada’s foreign service; and colocation of missions with likeminded countries.
• Minister Ng, and then International Development Minister, Minister Sajjan, also appeared on the committee’s study, on December 15, 2022, and November 3, 2022, respectively.

Committee context

• The Committee will meet with GAC officials the day after your apperance for a one-hour panel on the situation in Sudan, followed by a one-hour panel on the situation in Myanmar.
• The Committee continues to meet on individual topics under their general study on foreign relations and international trade. Recent topics and appearances from GAC officials under their general study include:
  • The situation in Ukraine, with an appearance by Natalka Cmoc, Ambassador of Canada to Ukraine on September 19, 2024, and with GAC officials on May 29, 2024.
  • The humanitarian situation in Gaza, with GAC officials on September 18, 2024.
  • Canada’s engagement with Europe and the European Union, with appearance by Ailish Campbell, Ambassador of Canada to the European Union on May 30, 2024.
• Other areas of interest to the committee during the current Parliament:
  • Bill C-282, An Act to amend the Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Act (supply management);
  • Canada’s interest and engagement in Africa;
  • Bill C-57, An Act to implement the 2023 Free Trade Agreement between Canada and Ukraine;
  • The Frozen Assets Repurposing Act;
  • A comprehensive review of the provisions and operation of the Sergei Magnitsky Law, and the Special Economic Measures Act;
  • S-225, An Act to amend the Prohibiting Cluster Munitions Act (investments); and,
  • Cultural diplomacy and Canadian Studies programs abroad.

USS Opening Remarks

Appearance before the standing committee on foreign affairs and international tradE (AEFA)

USS Government Response to AEFA's Report on the Foreign Service

November 2024

Thank you Mr. Chair.

Permettez-moi tout d'abord de remercier ce Comité d'avoir contribué à faire du ministère des Affaires étrangères du Canada le meilleur possible pour les Canadiens dans un monde difficile. Comme indiqué dans la réponse du gouvernement de la ministre Joly, les conclusions et recommandations du rapport du comité étaient bien alignées sur le programme de transformation d’Affaires mondiales Canada.

Global Affairs Canada stands at the forefront of Canada’s international policies and operations. It has a proud history and a dedicated workforce, but it faces the challenge of serving Canadians in an increasingly complex and volatile international environment.

As you know, following the launch of the Future of Diplomacy: Transforming Global Affairs Canada discussion paper, the department launched its three-year Transformation Implementation Plan in September 2023. The plan outlines an ambitious agenda to ensure GAC is fit for purpose to respond to the challenges of today and those of the future.

Aujourd'hui, je vais donner un aperçu de ce que le ministère a accompli jusqu'à présent et où il se dirige.

AMC a progressé dans l'amélioration de sa culture organisationnelle. Le ministère publiera son troisième rapport sur le traitement des cas d’inconduite et d’actes répréhensibles en 2025. AMC a élaboré un énoncé servant de boussole du Ministère. Cela définit notre aspiration commune, les valeurs et principes fondamentaux de notre organisation, et la culture que nous voulons maintenir et renforcer. Le Ministère a aussi lancé un nouveau sondage auprès du personnel sur le bien-être des employées et employés et l’efficacité du leadership.

To build a workforce that is representative of Canada’s diversity, GAC published an Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Action Plan, its first Accessibility Action Plan, and graduated its first cohort of the Deputy Ministers Sponsorship Program. This ensures a pipeline of diverse talent to the executive level.

The department launched a new organizational structure and governance model that will help break down the silos between trade, diplomacy and international assistance, and improve policy coherence on cross-cutting issues, such as artificial intelligence and climate change. In the new governance, Deputy Ministers are chairing seven of the top tables to drive more efficient and effective decision-making. We will also soon stand-up two key bodies: a Staff Advisory Council and a Council of Heads of Mission.

AMC s'est engagé à investir dans le renouvellement de son service extérieur, et il y parvient. Au cours des 18 derniers mois, le ministère a recruté plus de 415 nouveaux agents du service extérieur à tous les niveaux. Ce nombre devrait atteindre environ 450 d'ici la fin de l'année. AMC a également lancé un nouveau programme de gestion des talents à l'échelle du ministère, renforcé sa capacité en matière de langues officielles et élargi son programme de formation en langues étrangères.

The department is increasing its global influence and engagement where it matters most. GAC is advancing a new data-driven approach to help inform future decisions on its global footprint. This will help the department better calibrate Canada’s representation abroad to more efficiently project its influence, defend national interests, and provide quality services to Canadians.

GAC has soft launched an Open Insights Hub. This will connect its policy-development and research with Canadian and international experts to help better predict and respond to global issues of national interest. GAC has already organized several Hub-branded events, including roundtables with academics and GAC officials on topics such as transatlantic relationship dynamics. At the end of November, GAC will host the inaugural Open Insights Days, featuring experts on key issues, such as critical minerals, climate change and security.

Le ministère a également complété un examen de sa gestion de crise et identifié des façons d'améliorer ses réponses dans un monde poly-crise. En vue de mettre en œuvre ces résultats, il a créé un nouveau bureau de gestion des urgences, renforcé la coopération avec le Groupe des cinq et augmenté sa capacité à utiliser les données pour la gestion des crises et la prospective.

The department has committed to becoming a more efficient, high-performing organization. To this end, GAC is undertaking a department-wide red tape reduction and an exercise in modernizing procedures. This is focused on reducing burdensome processes and workloads at headquarters and at its missions abroad. To date, 23% of the 61 planned related initiatives are complete - freeing up more than14,000 hours for staff annually.

Over the next six months, the department will focus on improving its organizational agility, including surge responses in times of crisis and to meet emerging priorities. The department will do this by embracing and promoting a One GAC approach by breaking down silos so that its resources can be directed to its most pressing issues. To support this approach, the department has began undertaking a comprehensive skills mapping exercise, to allow managers to quickly identify employees with the required languages, expertise, and experience.

OneGAC also means that Heads of Mission should be truly empowered – and accountable – for achieving results at the country level, across programs.

Le ministère prévoit poursuivre le recrutement pour combler ses bassins d'agents du service extérieur, améliorer le soutien aux familles en poste à l'étranger et accompagner l'ensemble du personnel dans la planification de son cheminement de carrière. Le ministère travaille sur ses options d'apprentissage pour se concentrer sur les formations les plus importantes et les plus efficaces.

Je terminerai en remerciant une fois encore le Comité pour l'occasion d'échanger des points de vue et des idées sur la manière dont nous pouvons collectivement améliorer l'avenir de l'engagement mondial du Canada.

We look forward to continuing our engagement with this Committee’s work.

Thank you!

AEFA Members’ Biographies

Peter M. Boehm (Chair)
Independent Senators Group – Ontario

Appointment to the senate

• October 3, 2018

Professional background

• Studies: Ph.D in History from the University of Edinburgh, a Master's degree in International Affairs from the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs at Carleton University, and a Bachelor's degree in English and History from Wilfrid Laurier University.
• Public Servant: Various positions at Global Affairs (1983 – 2018), including: Deputy Minister for the G7 Summit, Deputy Minister of International Development, Senior Associate Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Canadian Ambassador to Germany, and Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the Organization of the American States.

Political and parliamentary roles

• Senate group: Independent Senators Group (November 3, 2018 – Present)
• Member: Canadian NATO Parliamentary Association (2018 – Present)

Committee membership

• Chair: Standing Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade (2020 – Present)
• Member:Standing Senate Committee on National Security and Defence (2018 – Present); Standing Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade (2018 – Present)
• Former Member: Standing Senate Committee on National Finance (2018 – 2023)

Recent points of interest

GAC ‘Fit For Purpose’:

• During the March 2023 visit to 125 Sussex, Senator Boehm underlined that the committee has heard a lot of emphasis on human resources and the need for consistent recruitment. He also suggested that parliamentary diplomacy could be better leveraged.
• During this study, he has repeatedly questioned other government departments on whether they are using GAC’s training center for their personnel working abroad.

Canada’s interests and engagement in Africa:

• Throughout the committee’s Africa study Senator Boehm has expressed concerns about donor fatigue as an impediment to finding solutions to problems on the African continent. He has questioned Canada’s ability to respond effectively to crises, like the situation in Sudan.
• Senator Boehm has questioned the relevance of the Commonwealth and la Francophonie in Africa today.
• Senator Boehm has expressed interest in governmental resource sharing, for example, co-locating missions with likeminded allies, in a time of departmental fiscal restraint.

Peacekeeping:

• During Senate debate, Question Period, and Committees, Senator Boehm frequently highlights the importance of United Nations peacekeeping missions. From his perspective, the UN's role is to maintain international peace and security, by working to prevent conflicts, and by working proactively to lay the foundations for peace.

Peter Harder (Vice-Chair)
Progressive Senate Group – Ontario

Appointment to the senate

• March 23, 2016

Professional background

• Studies: Bachelor’s degree in Political Science
• Public Service: 30 years of experience in the Federal Public Service, including in the departments of immigration, public safety, industry, the treasury board and foreign affairs.
• Immigration: Senator Harder served as the founding Executive Director of the Immigration and Refugee Board.
• Foreign Services/GAC: He joined the Foreign Service in 1977; Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (2003 – 2007)

Political and parliamentary roles

• Senate groups: Independent (2016 – 2020); Progressive Senate Group (2020‑ Present)
• Leader of the Government in the Senate (2016 – 2020)

Committee membership

• Deputy Chair: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade (2020 – Present)
• Member: Special Joint Committee on the Declaration of Emergency (2022 - Present); Standing Committee on Ethics and Conflictof Interest for Senators (2020 – Present); Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs (2020-‑ Present)
• Former Member: Standing Committee on Transport and Communications (2020 – 2022); Standing Committee on Human Rights (2021 – 2022); Standing Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology (2021-‑ 2022)

Recent points of interest

GAC ‘Fit For Purpose’:

• Senator Harder has stated that locally engaged staff are an important element of our international footprint and inquired about their recruitment, role, security issues, and how they are managed.

Canada’s interests and engagement in Africa

• Senator Harder has questioned how Canada can best increase its footprint in Africa, given that Canada is a relatively small country in comparison to the African continent. He has asked if increasing the number of Canadian diplomatic missions in Africa is the most effective way to have a greater presence on the continent.

Humanitarian Aid:

• Senator Harder closely follows humanitarian operations, and regularly asks questions about the logistics, resources and results of these operations.

Ukraine:

• Senator Harder has regularly expressed interest in Ukraine’s reconstruction efforts, asking logistical questions about how the work is being carried out on the ground, if seized Russian assets have financed reconstruction, and potential roadblocks to rebuilding, such as ongoing corruption in Ukraine.

Gwen Boniface
Independent Senators Group – Ontario

Appointment to the senate

• November 10, 2016

Professional background

• Police/Security: Served internationally for 10 years, including as Deputy Chief Inspector of Ireland’s Garda Síochána Inspectorate tasked with reforming Ireland’s national Police Service, as a Transnational Organized Crime Expert with the United Nations Police Division and as Deputy Executive Director of the International Association of Chiefs of Police.
• Commissioner: Served with Law Commission of Canada for 5 years as a Commissioner.
• Indigenous: Initiated a truth and reconciliation project in her home community of Orillia in 2019 with Indigenous and non-indigenous members.

Political and parliamentary roles

• Senate group: Independent Senators Group (2016 – Present)
• Member: Canada-Europe Parliamentary Association (2017 – Present); Canadian Delegation to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe Parliamentary Assembly (2017 – Present)

Committee membership

• Co-Chair: Special Joint Committee on the Declaration of Emergency (2022 – Present)
• Member: Standing Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade (2020 – Present); Special Joint Committee on the Declaration of Emergency (2022 – Present); Standing Committee on National Security and Defence (2017 – Present); Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs (2017 – Present); Standing Committee on Rules, Procedures and the Rights of Parliament (2021 – Present)
• Former Chair: Standing Committee on National Security and Defence (2020 – 2021)

Recent points of interest

GAC ‘Fit For Purpose’:

• During the March 2023 visit to 125 Sussex, Senator Boniface asked whether, in consultations with other countries, GAC has found they are facing the same issues and hurdles related to human resources.
• Duringthis study, she has demonstrated an interest in the Government of Canada’s footprint abroad.

Canada’s interests and engagement in Africa

• Senator Boniface has questioned how security concerns act as a barrier against Canadian businesses looking to expand in Africa. She has noted the interplay between security, democracy building, and development efforts in Africa.

Ukraine:

• In May 2024, Senator Boniface expressed concerns about “Ukraine fatigue” having a negative impact on allies’ support to Ukraine and asked about Canada’s efforts to ensure continued unwavering Canadian support to Ukraine.

Defence & Security:

• With a background in law enforcement, Senator Boniface has a special interest in security issues, particularly those related to human trafficking and CBSA-related work.

Mary Coyle
Independent Senators Group – Nova Scotia (Antigonish)

Appointment to the senate

• December 4, 2017

Professional background

• Studies: Bachelor’s degree in in languages and literature with a major in French and a minor in Spanish and a Master’s degree in rural planning and development.
• Rural Development: She subsequently worked as a Rural Development Advisor in Indonesia and later to support two State Islamic Universities develop their community engagement strategies.
• Involvement: Vice President and Director of the school’s Coady International Institute (1997 – 2014); Executive Director of the Frank McKenna Centre for Leadership (2014 – 2017)

Political and parliamentary roles

• Senate group: Independent Senators Group (2018 – Present)

Committee membership

• Member: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade (2019 -‑ Present); Standing Committee on Indigenous Peoples (2017 – Present)
• Former Member: Standing Committee on Transport and Communications (2020 – 2022)

Recent points of interest

GAC ‘Fit For Purpose’

• On March 9, 2023, she noted that Canada has had 15 Foreign ministers in the past 22 years, and expressed the view that some Ministers did not have the time or the power to provide Canadian diplomats with real leadership; she asked John Baird, who was appearing as a witness, to share his views on how these multiple changes affect the Foreign Service.

Canada’s interests and engagement in Africa:

• Senator Coyle has raised the role of Canadian and Africa civil society organizations in international development and peace and security efforts. She has asked if GAC partners with civil society organizations and for details on what such partnerships entail.
• Senator Coyle has expressed interest in climate-focused initiatives in Africa, and green economy partnerships between Canada and African countries.

Ukraine:

• In March 2024 Senator Coyle asked about the role of civil society in Ukraine’s reconstruction.

Gender equality:

• Senator Coyle is an advocate for gender equality in the in Canadian public institutions and in Canadian society.

Marty Deacon
Independent Senators Group – Ontario (Waterloo Region)

Appointment to the senate

• February 28, 2018

Professional background

• Commonwealth Games Canada: Executive Board Member & Chef de Mission (2012 – Present)‑
• Canadian Olympic Committee: Director, Executive Board (2009 – 2023)
• Independent Consultant: Education consultation at the elementary and secondary school level (2016 – 2018)
• Waterloo Region District School Board: Superintendent & Executive Officer (2010 –‑2016); Principal (2000 – 2010)

Political and parliamentary roles

• Senate group: Independent Senators Group (2018 – Present)

Committee membership

• Member: Standing Committee on National Security, Defence and Veterans Affairs (2020 – Present); Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade (2020 – Present); Standing Committee on Rules, Procedures and the Rights of Parliament (2022 – Present)

Recent points of interest

GAC ‘Fit for Purpose’:

• During the March 2023 visit to 125 Sussex, Senator Deacon asked what the Government learned from the pandemic with respect to emergency management, and what the connection is between the work at NORAD and similar sites and GAC’s Emergency Watch & Response Centre.
• She also asked what direction Canada should take as a middle power in its diplomacy given major changes on the international scene.
• Senator Deacon considers that the development aspect in diplomacy is very important for a rich, medium sized‑country like Canada. She regularly asks questions about Canada's development assistance efforts and resources.

Canada’s interests and engagement in Africa:

• Senator Deacon expressed concerns over Canadian mining companies’ activities in Africa. In May 2024, she asked how Canada can help African private sectors diversify and move away from resource extraction.
• She has questioned if there is still a role for traditional UN peacekeeping in Africa.

Ukraine:

• In March 2023, Senator Deacon asked for a status update on the missing Ukrainian children, and if any children had been repatriated.

Mohamed-Iqbal Ravalia
Independent Senators Group – Newfoundland and Labrador

Appointment to the senate

• June 1, 2018

Professional background

• Studies: Medical degree (MB.ChB.) and a Certification in Family Medicine (CCFP)
• Medicine: Practiced family medicine in Twillingate, NL (1984 – 2018)
• Community Engagement: Involvement with local minor hockey, community outreach initiatives, and fundraising for the Lions Club and support of the Anglican Church Sunday school program.

Political and parliamentary roles

• Senate group: Independent Senators Group (2018 – Present)
• Member: Canada-Europe Parliamentary Association (2019 – Present)

Committee membership

• Member:Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade (2020 – Present); Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans (2018 – Present); Standing Joint Committee on the Library of Parliament (2019 – Present)

Recent points of interest

GAC ‘Fit for Purpose’:

• During the March 2023 visit to 125 Sussex, Senator Ravalia asked what GAC is doing to attract “hyphenated-Canadians” so that we can reap the benefits of their language skills, cultural knowledge, etc.
• In November 2022, the Senator asked DND about their involvement with GAC in the development of the Indo-Pacific Strategy given the potential threats in that region of the world.
• In June 2022, he recognized the importance of modernizing Canada's diplomacy as well as modernizing its digital technologies to revitalize the Foreign Service. He asked if Canada has an infrastructure capable of addressing potential cybersecurity threats and whether it is working with its Fives Eyes allies on this issue.

Canada’s interests and engagement in Africa:

• Senator Ravalia has asked how African countries could become less dependent on outside resources to achieve positive health outcomes.
• He has shown interest in China and Russia’s engagements in Africa. He has wondered if Canada could learn from BRICS countries’ engagement in Africa.

Ukraine:

• In May 2024 Senator Ravalia questioned whether Western support for Ukraine is sustainable, in particular given Russia’s continued support from BRICS partners.

Vaccine Equity and Health:

• Senator Ravalia has been a strong advocate for the redistribution of COVID-19 vaccines to disadvantaged countries and has repeatedly called for Canada's involvement in vaccine distribution in needy and underdeveloped countries.
• Senator Ravalia regularly enquires about health outcomes and the risk of disease in conflict zones, like Ukraine and Gaza.

Yuen Pau Woo
Independent Senators Group – British Columbia

Appointment to the senate

• November 10, 2016

Professional background

• Research: Senior Fellow in Public Policy, Asian Institute of Research at The University of British Columbia (2014 – 2021); Senior Fellow, Asia Pacific Business Studies, Simon Fraser University (2014 – Present)
• Asia Pacific: President and CEO of the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada (2005 – 2014); Distinguished East Asia Fellow at the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada (2014 – 2021); President of China Global: The Vancouver Society for Promotion of Chinese Art and Culture (2014 – 2020)

Political and parliamentary roles

• Senate group: Independent Senators Group (2016 – Present)
• ISG Facilitator (2017-2021)

Committee membership

• Member:Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade (2017 – Present); Standing Committee on Banking, Trade and Commerce (2021 – Present); Standing Committee on Rules, Procedures and the Rights of Parliament (2021 – Present); Standing Joint Committee for the Scrutiny of Regulations (2017 – Present); Standing Committee on Transport and Communications (2022-Present)

Recent points of interest

GAC ‘Fit for Purpose’:

• Senator Woo has showed significant interest in the recruitment process for the Foreign Service and how to optimize it.
• Senator Woo has said he is in favour of greater recruitment into the Foreign Service of officials from other departments.

Canada’s interests and engagement in Africa:

• Senator Woo has argued that China’s engagement in Africa has often led to positive results, like the building of infrastructure.
• He has questioned Western allies’ credibility in Africa, given Africa’s colonial history.

Amina Gerba
Progressive Senate Group – Quebec (Rigaud)

Appointment to the senate

• July 29, 2021

Professional background

• Studies: Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration and a Master’s degree in Business Administration
• Business: Co-founded two companies manufacturing hair and body care products: KarilissLaboratories Inc. and Kariderm
• Consulting: Founder (2003) of non-profit Afrique Expansion Inc., in order tobuild bridges between Canada and Africa, and encourage business opportunities

Political and parliamentary roles

• Senate group: Progressive Senate Group (2021 – Present)
• Member: Canada-Africa Parliamentary Association (2021 – Present); Canada-France Inter‑Parliamentary Association

Committee membership

• Member: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade (2021 – Present); Standing Committee on Human Rights (2021 – Present)

Recent points of interest

GAC ‘Fit For Purpose’:

• During the March 2023 visit to 125 Sussex, Senator Gerba sought details on Canada’s Africa Strategy, and what we know about how other countries are positioning themselves in Africa.

Canada’s interests and engagement in Africa:

• Senator Gerba has questioned if Canada is doing enough in Africa.
• She has expressed the view that Canada should increase its engagement with Africa.
• Senator Gerba has expressed interest in building business links between Canada and Africa.
• She has shown interest in the African Development Bank.

Stephen Greene
Canadian Senetors Group – Nova Scotia (Halifax – The Citadel)

Appointment to the senate

• December 22, 2008

Professional background

• Politics: Candidate for the Reform Party in the 1993 and 1997 federal elections; served as Chief of Staff to Preston Manning of the Reform Party of Canada (1993-‑ 1996)
• Insurance: He worked in the insurance industry and became engaged in national and international insurance issues (1996 – 2009)
• Foreign Service: Early in this career, he worked at the Canadian embassy

in Washington D.C., and at the Canadian Consulate in Boston.

Political and parliamentary roles

• Senate groups: Conservative Party of Canada (2009 – 2017); Independent Senators Group (2017 2019); Canadian Senators Group (2019– Present)
• Deputy Liaison(2022 – Present)
• Deputy Government Whip in the Senate(2010 – 2015)
• Deputy Opposition Whip in the Senate(2016 – 2017)

Committee membership

• Member: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade (2019 – Present); Standing Committee on Rules, Procedures and the Rights of Parliament (2020 – Present); Standing Joint Committee for the Scrutiny of Regulations (2019 – Present)

Recent points of interest

Ukraine:

• Senator Greene has advocated for more aid to Ukraine as well as the imposition of a no-fly zone.

Mohammad Khair Al Zaibak
Canadian Senators Group – Ontario

Appointment to the senate

• January 28, 2024

Professional background

Studies:

• Bachelor of Science in Telecommunications and Engineering.

Business:

• Co-Founder and CEO of Canadian Development and Marketing Corporation.
• Co-founder and previous director of Teranet Inc., a public-private partnership.

Non-profits and other ventures:

• Co-Founder of Lifeline Syria, a non-profit assisting Syrian refugees to resettle in Canada.
• Co-founder of the Canadian Arab Institute, a think tank focused on the wellbeing and prosperity of the Canadian Arab community.
• Senior Fellow at Massey College.
• Member of the Advisory Board of the Canadian International Council.
• Former chair of the Canada Arab Business Council.

Committee Membership

• Member: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade (2024 – Present)

Recent Points Of Interest

Canada’s positions on the Israel-Hamas war:

• Senator Al Zaibak has questioned why Canada did not support the May 10, 2024, UN resolution to upgrade Palestine’s status at the UN. He argued this position contradicts Canada’s support for a two-state solution.
• Senator Al Zaibak has expressed concerns regarding the humanitarian situation in Gaza.

Ukrainian Refugees:

• Senator Al Zaibak has asked about the humanitarian conditions of Ukrainian refugees in Canada and in third-party countries.

Leo Housakos
Conservative Party of Canada – Quebec (Wellington)

Appointment To The Senate

• December 22, 2008

Professional Background

• Studies: Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration
• Business: Had a career in business, served two terms as Vice-President of the Hellenic Congress of Quebec and as a founding member of the Hellenic Board of Trade of Metropolitan Montreal

Political And Parliamentary Roles

• Senator Group: Conservative Party of Canada (2009 – Present)
• Deputy Whip of the Opposition(2020 – Present)
• Speaker of the Senate(2015)
• Speaker Pro Tempore(2014 – 2015)

Committee Membership

• Chair: Standing Committee on Transport and Communications (2021 – Present)
• Member:Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade (2009 – 2021/2022 – Present); Standing Committee on Transport and Communications (2009 – 2016/2021 – Present); Committee of Selection (2021- Present)

Recent Points Of Interest

GAC ‘Fit For Purpose’:

• During the March 2023 visit to 125 Sussex, Senator Housakos asked what the Department needs to do to address perceived gaps in intelligence gathering, defense against cyber-attacks and theft of intellectual property at a level equivalent to our allies in the US, UK and France.

Bill C-57, An Act to implement the 2023 Free Trade Agreement between Canada and Ukraine

• Senator Housakos has argued strongly against the use of carbon amendments in Free Trade Agreements.

Sanctions:

• In February 2024, Senator Housakos argued that Canada has a double standard approach to sanctions, given that Canada has imposed sanctions on Russia, but not countries like China and Turkey, who have enhanced their trade relationships with Russia since the start of the war in Ukraine.
• In May 2022, Senator Housakos introduced Bill S-247 An Act to amend the Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Act (Sergei Magnitsky Law).

Afghanistan:

• Senator Housakos has asked if Canada should accept that “it lost” when it comes to Afghanistan.
• Senator Housakos has deplored what he described as Canada having let down our friends and supporters in Afghanistan, asking if the failure was because of a lack of intelligence or because of an error from GAC or IRCC.

Michael L. MacDonald
Conservative Party of Canada – Nova Scotia (Cape Breton)

Appointment To The Senate

• January 2, 2009

Professional Background

• Studies: Bachelor’s degree in Political Science and History
• Provincial Politics: He ran twice provincially for the Nova Scotia Progressive Conservative Party in 1993 and 1998
• Business: President and owner of the Fortress Inn Louisbourg (1988 – Present)

Political And Parliamentary Roles

• Senate Group: Conservative Party of Canada (2013 – Present)
• Co-chair:Canada-US Inter-Parliamentary Group (2019 – Present)
• Treasurer:Canada-Korea Inter-Parliamentary Friendship Group (2020 – Present)

Committee Membership

• Chair: Committee of Selection (2021 – Present)
• Member: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade (2009 – Present)

Recent Points Of Interest

GAC ‘Fit for Purpose’:

• Senator MacDonald asked about the impact of selecting non-career diplomats as ambassadors.

Canada’s interests and engagement in Africa:

• Senator MacDonald has expressed concerns over China’s engagement in Africa.
• In May 2024, Senator MacDonald asked how China’s military, economic, and political involvement in Africa impacts the stability of the Sahel region.

China:

• Senator MacDonald has expressed concerns about Chinese influence.

Summary of the Report: "More than a Vocation: Canada's Need for a 21st Century Foreign Service"

The Standing Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade conducted an in-depth examination of Canada's foreign service, the first significant review in over 40 years. The review was driven by the need to modernize Global Affairs Canada (GAC) and ensure the Canadian foreign service is fit to address the evolving global challenges of the 21st century.

The global landscape has changed dramatically since the last major review in 1981, driven by globalization, technological advancements, and shifting geopolitical alignments. Several countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Norway, and Germany, have undertaken similar diplomatic modernization efforts, providing valuable insights for Canada.

The report highlights the necessity for GAC to undergo significant transformation to remain effective. It offers 29 recommendations, emphasizing the need for organizational coherence, improved recruitment, enhanced career management, and updated conditions of service. Key recommendations include:

• Annual Recruitment Campaigns: GAC should conduct annual recruitment drives to fill foreign service vacancies and build a reserve to respond to emergencies.
• Training and Career Management: Establish a training roadmap for all Canada-based staff, increase investments in language training, and provide mentorship and career development opportunities.
• Support for Families: Modernize the Foreign Service Directives to reflect the diverse realities of public servants and their families, with particular attention to supporting spouses and partners of those posted abroad.
• Increased Diversity: Enhance efforts to build a workforce that reflects Canada's diversity, focusing on removing barriers faced by underrepresented groups, including Black and Indigenous Canadians and persons with disabilities.
• Separate Employer Status: Explore the potential benefits of granting GAC separate employer status to improve its human resources regime and operational flexibility.

The committee's study underscores the essential role of diplomacy and the need for Canada to reinvest in its diplomatic capacities. The recommendations aim to equip GAC and the Canadian foreign service with the tools, expertise, and agility required to navigate the complex global challenges of the future.

Summary of the Government Response to the 12th Senate Report: "More than a Vocation: Canada’s Need for a 21st Century Foreign Service"

The Government of Canada agrees with and supports the recommendations of the Senate Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade regarding the modernization of Global Affairs Canada (GAC) to meet the demands of the 21st century. The response outlines the steps the government is taking to address the 29 recommendations aimed at enhancing GAC’s effectiveness and adaptability.

Key actions include:

1. Public Outreach and Education: GAC will strengthen its engagement with Canadian educational institutions and the public through various initiatives, including research partnerships, fellowships, and training programs. The department will also enhance its domestic outreach efforts as part of recruitment and policy engagement.
2. Policy Coherence: GAC is committed to breaking down silos between trade, diplomacy, and development cooperation. The integration of the Department of Foreign Affairs, International Trade, and the Canadian International Development Agency in 2013 will be leveraged to ensure a multifaceted approach to global challenges. Efforts to modernize GAC's structure and governance are underway to improve policy coherence.
3. Training and Career Development: The Canadian Foreign Service Institute (CFSI) will expand its training programs to better reflect emerging trends in development cooperation and other areas. GAC will also establish a comprehensive career management framework, including mentorship and job shadowing opportunities for all staff.
4. Diversity and Inclusion: GAC is focused on building a workforce representative of Canada's diversity, addressing barriers faced by minority groups, and accelerating the implementation of its Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) strategies. The department will also review and modernize the Foreign Service Directives to ensure they reflect the realities of diverse family compositions and accessibility needs.
5. Foreign Service Recruitment: The government plans to conduct annual entry-level foreign service officer recruitment campaigns to fill vacancies and create redundancy for surge capacity in emergencies. GAC will also explore replacing the public service entrance exam with more relevant assessment methods and recruit mid-career professionals from both within and outside the government.
6. Support for Personnel Abroad: GAC is committed to improving support for personnel and their families posted abroad, including facilitating spousal employment and addressing the needs of those living with disabilities. The department will also enhance training and leadership opportunities for locally engaged staff.
7. Modernization and Governance: GAC is studying separate agency status among the various options to allow for more flexibility in its human resources regime. GAC is reforming its governance model to include a new Heads of Mission Council and a new Staff Advisory Council providing a channel for internal employees’ voices on how the organization is governed, including to advance GAC’s transformation. In addition, GAC’s Departmental Audit Committee, which is chaired by an external representative and includes external representation as part of its membership, will ensure that valuable outside perspectives and feedback will contribute to improving the performance of the organization including with respect to its transformation

Comparison To Likeminded

• Diplomacy continues to be a key dimension of statecraft. At a macro level, the diplomatic networks of our likeminded and other notable countries have continued to expand and deepen — reflecting that, despite the ease of online connectivity, face-to-face diplomacy and an on-the-ground presence is most valuable to advancing national interests.
• Canada’s overall presence and ability to exert influence abroad has not kept pace with likeminded partners and competitors.
• Compared to other countries, Canada spends less per capita on its foreign ministry, is represented in fewer countries and has a smaller presence in key multilateral fora.
• As part of the Future of Diplomacy initiative, Canada has committed to ensuring we have the right resources where it matters most to best serve Canadians, advance economic opportunities and defend and promote our national intere

Supporting Facts And Figures

• Canada is represented in fewer countries than likemindeds (Canada 112 countries; Australia 125; France 168; Japan 196) ranking 15th on the Global Diplomacy Index, with 182 diplomatic missions.
• Canada’s representation at the UN is one of the lowest among G7 and G20 partners and competitors alike (Canada 38 FTEs; France 73; Germany 120; China 140; Russia 200).
• Canada has less national-based staff abroad than likemindeds. (18% of our staff is abroad; UK 29%; US 39%; France 73%).
• Only 23% of GAC’s diplomats meet foreign language proficiency requirements (U.S. 75%; New Zealand 95%; Netherlands 100%).

Background

Countries have continued to increase the size of their diplomatic footprint to gain influence with emerging economies around the world, particularly as the balance of influence shifts from traditional alliances. Drivers include the pursuit of economic opportunities and securing access to critical natural resources. Africa and Pacific Islands have been regions of focus. Below is a short summary.

China: The PRC has rapidly expanded its presence over the past 20 years with the most expansive diplomatic network in the world. They are not growing anymore in terms of numbers of missions, although it is difficult to know whether they have increased or decreased the number of staff at these missions over time.

Turkey: Rapid expansion since 2017, now ranking third in terms of number of missions. Since 2012, has opened 32 missions in Africa. There are 147 missions in Turkey, a reflection of the breadth of Turkey's presence abroad.

Japan: Japan is working on strengthening its diplomatic missions overseas in quantity and quality, as well as advancing efforts to improve the organizational and personnel systems at MOFA itself.

France: France launched a modernization process of its diplomacy and increased its embassies and consulates’ operational budget by 13% this year to modernize its missions abroad and invest in new digital tools. In addition to its 246 missions abroad, France also has 118 “Instituts Français” (French Institutes), which have the mandate of implementing French cultural diplomacy and to promote French culture around the world.

Russia: Russia's total number of missions has declined rapidly since 2021, mainly due to the closure of consulates in response to its war in Ukraine and related accusations of hybrid operations by Russia. Despite this, Russia is expanding its diplomatic footprint in Africa. Of 54 African countries, Russia now has a resident embassy in 41 (76%), with 4 more planned openings.

UK: Post-Brexit, the UK rapidly expanded it's non-European network under the auspices of it's "Global Britain" project. This had a particular focus on Indo-Pac, however was broadly intended to build out it's network of potential trading partners.

Germany: Germany has increased its diplomatic footprint in the past decade. Germany's mission network currently stands at 222 or 225 missions (depending on sources). This number is in addition to 333 honorary consuls working on a voluntary basis.

India: India has had a significant expansion in the last 5 years, with a strong focus on Africa (3/4/ of its new posts), surpassing India's presence in Europe.

South Korea: President Yoon’s Global Pivotal State foreign policy led to a gradual expansion of Korea’s diplomatic footprint and of the Foreign Ministry’s budget. In terms of its diplomatic network, Korea opened in 2024 a new permanent mission to NATO, and has plans to open embassies in Cuba, Estonia, Lithuania and Luxembourg this year. ROK’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) also announced plans to eventually open missions in: Marshall Islands, Slovenia, Sierra Leone, Armenia, Jamaica, Zambia, Georgia, Surinam and Botswana.

HR & Workforce At A Glance

• Through its Transformation Implementation Plan, Global Affairs Canada is actively working to address many of the human resource and workforce development challenges that were highlighted in the 2023 Senate Committee Report.
• The Department continues to actively seek new talent for the Department to address vacancies, including through recruitment into the Foreign Service from across the country as well as into traditional Public Service positions. Recruitment is done in accordance with sound financial management.
• Regular internal staffing processes also provide opportunities for career progression within the Department, supporting retention and long-term sustainability.
• Through its Transformation Implementation Plan, the Department is working to streamline and improve the HR experience for managers.

Supplementary Messages

• Recruitment and assignment processes are designed to meet the Department’s organizational needs and priorities, taking into account workforce availability, and alignment of skills based on a competency, performance and talent-based approach with clear employment equity considerations.
• The Department is working to foster diversity and inclusion, which includes for example collective staffing processes specifically open to employment equity seeking groups and an evaluation to identify biases and barriers prior to use an assessment method for all selection processes in compliance with the new legislative requirement.
• Rotational assignments cycles provide the Department with the flexibility to assign resources where they are needed, when they are needed, and with employees who have the skills and competencies for the job.
• The Department is in the early stages of developing an approach to career management, which will support employees to reach their full potential while identifying talent to respond to the evolving global context.
• Since 2021, GAC has appointed 166^{Footnote 1} (see footnote: includes 52 appointments from the Post-Secondary Recruitment (PSR) pool 2019 & 114 appointments from PSR 2021 pool) entry-level foreign service officers from across the country through post-secondary recruitment processes. While some post-secondary recruits were already bilingual at the time of application, GAC has provided 63 recruits with Official Languages training to ensure that they can offer bilingual service to Canadians upon appointment, contingent on achieving the required bilingualism level.

Supporting Facts And Figures

• As of October 31, 2024, Global Affairs Canada has 13,989* employees, of which 8,417 (60%) are Canada-Based Staff (CBS) and 5,578 (40%) are Locally Engaged Staff (LES).
  • * Note that some employees find themselves in both an LES position and a CBS position. These employees are counted separately in each group (CBS/LES), but only once for the total at the GAC level.
• Canada-Based Staff includes 6,050 (73%) traditional public servants and 2,290 (27%) rotational employees, for whom the disposition to be deployed abroad forms part of the condition of employment.
• The rotational workforce is comprised of foreign service officers (1,628) and executives (398), as well as professionals from the information technology (144), administrative (110), and other (9) occupational groups.
• Half of the Department’s total workforce is located abroad. The workforce abroad consists of 1,413 CBS (20%) and 5,578 LES (80%).
• As of October 31, 2024, 1,976 (20%) of all Canada-Based Staff (CBS) positions were vacant. The vacancy rate of CBS traditional positions is 22% and the vacancy rate of rotational positions is 15%.

Foreign Language Requirements

• Foreign language requirements of diplomatic positions at missions are rigorously assessed every 3 years.
• Arabic, Chinese, German, Portuguese, Japanese, Russian and Spanish are currently considered strategic languages for the department.
• The Department’s transformation plan aims at increasing capacity in strategic foreign languages and ensuring staff meet foreign-language requirements prior to posting.

Supplementary Messages

• Based on the impact of foreign languages skills on Canada’s ability to compete in a complex global environment, the department identifies key positions where advanced foreign language skills are indispensable.
• To identify these positions, we assess the impact of foreign language skills on the ability of officers to fulfil their functions effectively.
• The foreign language requirements and associated investments in foreign languages reflect Canada’s international priorities and operational requirements.
• Training programs are available, prior to their deployment to post to officers assigned to positions requiring foreign language proficiency.

Update

• Recognizing the strategic need to maintain its foreign language capacity, the department has re-instated its foreign language maintenance program, as well as the in-country immersion for difficult, strategic languages (Arabic, Chinese and Japanese).

Supporting Facts And Figures

• Approximately a third of positions abroad (434) are currently designated as requiring intermediate or advanced foreign language skills.
• Of these positions, 73% (315) require advanced skills and 27% (119) require intermediate skills.
• 78% of training is delivered for strategic languages (Arabic, Chinese, German Portuguese Japanese, Russian and Spanish).
• 76% of foreign service officers in positions requiring foreign languages have proficiency in the foreign language to varying degrees. Over 80% of employees who complete the training reach the expected levels. GAC has 734 employees who speak foreign languages at the intermediate (118) and advanced levels (616) (hundreds more have various degrees of foreign language proficiency, which they are encouraged to test).
• The department intends to update its foreign language requirements and its list of critical languages in January 2025.
• Canada has one of the most effective systems in the world for determining foreign language proficiency requirements of diplomatic positions abroad, and for delivering the training.

Background

The Canadian Foreign Service Institute supports the development and maintenance of employees’ foreign language competency to allow them to make full use of their international competencies abroad.

The Institute also administers proficiency testing based on an internationally recognized scale and system.

An average of 150 employees are assigned to full-time foreign language training of various durations each year, from a few months (e.g. Spanish) to a few years (e.g. Chinese).

Diversifying Our Workforce At GAC

• Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, Accessibility, and Anti-racism (IDEAA), as well as Reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples are priorities at Global Affairs Canada (GAC).
• The advancement of these priorities is foundational to Transformation Implementation. GAC action plans promoting inclusion, diversity, equity, accessibility, anti-racism, and Reconciliation, address culture change, vision, leadership, accountability, and training.
• GAC has made progress in closing representation gaps and diversifying its workforce. There is still work to do to address gaps at all levels for Employment Equity groups, including the executive cadre, and to promote the full inclusion of all members of equity-seeking groups.

Supplementary Messages

• The GAC Accessibility Action Plan 2023-2025 was recently adopted to comply with the Accessible Canada Act.
• Women, Indigenous Peoples and Visible Minorities are represented at GAC, however, there is underrepresentation of Indigenous and Black employees at the executive level and underrepresentation of Persons with Disabilities at all levels.
• GAC Deputy Minister Sponsorship Program (DM SP) provides career advancement opportunity to the executive level for employees who are Indigenous, Visible Minority and Persons with Disabilities.
• Human resources policies and practices are reviewed and evaluated regularly to address potential systemic barriers. GAC also participates in interdepartmental initiatives and programs to further develop leadership skills and career advancement opportunities for members of designated groups:
  • GAC nominated 2 employees for Cohort 3 of the TBS Mosaic Leadership Development Program 2024-2025. One employee with disability was selected.
  • GAC also nominated 4 Black women for the TBS Executive Leadership Development Program 2024-2025. All 4 have been accepted into the Program.
• The GAC Anti-Racism Strategy and Action Plan 2021-2026 has over 22 initiatives to increase Representation, support Career Development, and support Training and Engagement. As part of the implementation of the Action Plan, GAC is developing the Anti-Racism and Diversity Impact Assessment Tool (ARDIAT) to ensure that policies, programs, services and initiatives are inclusive, accessible, and anti-racist by design.
• The GAC Action Plan on Reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples 2021-2025 is a framework that guides efforts to advance the rights, perspectives and prosperity of Indigenous Peoples in Canada and around the world.

Supporting Facts And Figures

EE Data (2024-03-31) among Canada-Based Staff at Global Affairs Canada:

• Women: 56.7% (Workforce availability: 55.9%)
• Indigenous Peoples: 4.9% (Workforce availability: 3.4%)
• Persons with Disabilities: 4.6% (Workforce availability: 9.2%)
• Visible Minorities: 27.9% (Workforce availability: 17.5%)
  • Black employees: 5.9% (Labour Market Availability: 3.2%)
• Increase in representation of all groups over the past 5 years, except for Indigenous Peoples (-1.5% in 23-24).

49% Canadian Heads of Mission self-identify as women, 17% as Visible Minorities (of whom 3% are Black), 2% as persons with disabilities and 2% as Indigenous.

Locally Engaged Staff

• Locally Engaged Staff (LES) are hired to work at our missions outside Canada to support the Government of Canada, the provinces, and our partners in advancing our global priorities.
• This essential workforce (5,578 LES - Oct 31, 2024), with its knowledge of local languages, context, and business networks, is key to the delivery of Canada’s programs and services abroad.
• As part of its ongoing Transformation Plan, Global Affairs Canada (GAC) has implemented key measures to attract, support and retain LES, the bedrock of its presence abroad.

Supplementary Messages

• The Department is reviewing its LES HR Policy Framework and has updated essential policies and guidelines including the modernized LES Employment Regulations that took effect on February 2, 2024. GAC has also made significant progress with Phase 1 and 2 of its LES Benefits Modernization Initiative. LES benefit from an array of social security, pensions, and insurance plans across its 182 missions in 112 countries.

Update

GAC has launched a new medical plan in South Africa on January 1, 2024, and rolled out the African Regional Medical Plan (ARMP) across 21 countries on March 1, 2024. As of December 1, 2024, 100% of medical plans in Phase 1 countries, which are the most in need of modernized benefits, will have been implemented. Countries in this phase outside of the African continent include Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and Myanmar.

GAC is also streamlining the administration of life and pension benefits, by designing a Global Life and Pension plan, which will be applied to most missions eventually. Budget 2024 has provided the Department with $47.6M to support the Benefits Modernization Initiative and help achieve a globally consistent level of coverage for its LES network.

Supporting Facts And Figures (as of October 31, 2024)

• 80% of our employees in Canada’s mission network are LES.
• 3% of our LES support other government departments. Of these, 73.5% support IRCC, followed by DND (4.7%) and CBSA (3.4%).

Background

The Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs has been delegated broad authority to manage aspects of the Government of Canada’s LES program (classification, staffing, labour relations, compensation & benefits, etc.) LES are excluded from the Public Service Employment Act (PSEA).

Canada is committed to ensuring the health and safety of both its CBS and LES. GAC has established protocols to safeguard the well-being of all mission employees in time of crisis, and we are regularly reviewing these measures.

Property Infrastructure

• Global Affairs Canada (GAC) maintains a large international real property inventory of approximately 2,600 assets, including Chanceries and Annexes/Office Space, Office Residences, Head of Mission and staff accommodation. Some of these properties are crown-owned, while others are crown-leased or privately leased.
• GAC’s global property network supports the secure delivery of diplomatic and consular services, while safeguarding personnel and national interests.
• GAC’s properties facilitate international diplomacy and provide crucial support for Canadians abroad during crises.

Supplementary Messages

• GAC is the designated custodian of close to 2,600 Crown-owned and leased assets worldwide including 182 Missions in 112 countries.
• GAC oversees a real property portfolio that provides the necessary infrastructure for GAC employees to effectively deliver programs and services abroad, protecting Canadian personnel, sensitive information, and vital assets essential to national interests.
• In addition to diplomacy, GAC’s properties are used to advance Canadian economic interests and trade facilitation as well as ensuring the safety and security of Canadian citizens abroad, particularly during emergency and crisis situations.

Technology

• With respect to Information Management and Technology, the Department is undergoing a significant digital transformation that aims to enable all aspects of the department, including foreign services with the modern tools required to operate around the world and to do so in a way that is integrated, horizontal, and secure.
• Recognizing the importance of our missions abroad, GAC continues to put them at the forefront of our digital modernization efforts.

Supplementary Messages

• GAC is working with Treasury Board and other departments to advance new digital capabilities both domestically and abroad that will result in a strong user experience for our employees, more resilient and robust IT systems, and a significantly enhanced cyber security posture in the face of evolving threats.
• It is recognized that as we move to a more globally connected world, the department must also adjust and keep pace. The digital solutions being introduced allow for GAC employees to engage seamlessly with each other, breaking down silos and providing opportunities to bring policy coherence between trade, diplomacy and international development.

Global Footprint

• Canada ranks 15^th on the Global Diplomacy Index, with a network abroad that includes 182 missions, ranging from large embassies to small representative offices and consulates, located in 112 countries.
• This footprint has fluctuated over the past 20 years, with a modest overall increase in the total mission count from 174 in 2005 to 182 in 2024.
• In line with the renewal of the foreign service, Global Affairs Canada is undertaking a review of its network abroad to ensure it is fit for purpose to increase its global influence, defend its national interests and deliver quality services to Canadians.
• We need to ensure we are equipped to respond to new challenges and opportunities around the world and deploy the right resources at the right time in the right places.

Supplementary Messages

Global Mission Footprint Review:

• GAC is conducting a review of its Global Mission Footprint as part of the overall Transformation Implementation Plan.
• The review uses external data to assess Canada’s strategic priorities around the world across key dimensions, including geopolitical, trade and investment interests, people-to-people ties, national security and international assistance.
• The review aims to address challenges with the agility of our existing processes and ensure we have the right framework and tools to efficiently reallocate resources across the network.
• Increasing our influence and engagement where it matters most now and into the future will mean difficult choices in the current fiscal context.

Supporting Facts And Figures

• Canada’s network abroad includes 21 partners (other government departments and Global Affairs Canada), 10 Canadian co-locators (crown corporations and provincial governments) and 5 foreign co-locators (foreign governments and one International Organization).
• The largest mission footprint is in the Americas with 54 missions, followed by Europe with 44 missions, the Indo- Pacific with 43 missions, Africa with 26 missions, and the Middle East with 15 missions.
• Overall, there are about 8,600 employees abroad, with the vast majority (70%) being Locally Engaged Staff (LES).
• Canada’s missions are supported by the International Platform Branch (IPB) via the provision of real property, physical security, procurement, logistics, mail room, material management and mission operations services.
• IPB is also the client interface with other government departments and co-locators (both Canadian and foreign governments) and coordinates the process for all changes to our Network of missions, including position changes at missions abroad.

Background

Global Affairs Canada’s network of missions abroad, and the people who serve there, is its greatest value-added to Canadian government policies and programs. This is more important than ever in an emerging multipolar context where Canada needs to maintain and nurture alliances and develop new partnerships. However, Canada’s overall presence and ability to exert influence abroad has not kept pace with evolving global realities. Strengthening our presence on the ground is required to promote and protect Canada’s strategic interests where they matter most.

As part of its Transformation agenda, the department is developing and implementing a governance structure and mechanism to regularly review and rebalance positions abroad, with the intent of ensuring ongoing and flexible alignment with Canada’s strategic interests. The establishment of a culture of prioritization and recalibration against priorities is an important one, especially considering that presence abroad is expensive.

While advances in technology offer new possibilities for virtual and hybrid global engagement, strengthened presence on the ground is required to report, advocate and represent Canada’s strategic interests where it matters most. This may also require looking at where presence should be reallocated, to support areas where Canada’s interests are greater.

To support this, GAC has developed a data-driven analytical tool that can be combined with existing resources allocation models but also accounts for emerging trends. This tool is currently built around 7 dimensions that inform why a country matters or should matter to Canada, based on a number of indicators drawing from internal and external data sets. It can provide many indications about where Canada should consider investing its resources, time and money.

Part of the review is also focusing on examining innovative models of representations abroad to better understand the practical implementation, trade-offs, and opportunities for cost-saving of alternative.

Going forward, GAC will conduct periodical health checks on the entire network to provide recommendations to recalibrate our presence in line with national interests, emerging priorities and affordability considerations.

Canada and the UN

• The United Nations, despite its challenges, remains the cornerstone of the rules-based international order.
• Canada continues to punch above its weight in the United Nations, making strategic use of its status as seventh largest donor and its positive reputation to advance key priorities across the board.
• Our active engagement provides access to global decision-making mechanisms and diplomatic gateways to influence countries critical to Canada’s core national interests (e.g. peace and security, climate change, human rights and gender equality)
• The context is increasingly challenging, with an unprecedented number of global crises and increasingly organized attempts by malign actors to undermine the foundations of the world order as we know it.
• In this context, Canada’s overall ability to engage and exert influence requires more consistent investment in our presence at the UN.

Supplementary Messages

• The United Nations (UN) and its system of funds, programs and specialized agencies, is a vital component of the global governance architecture.
• The UN system’s global reach has increased exponentially in recent years; all major international crises, from the invasion of Ukraine to climate change, that have profoundly impacted Canada’s interests have necessitated significant UN engagement.
• The UN now faces complex challenges that it was not designed to address and is impacted by shifting global power dynamics, perennial funding problems, and governance issues.
• As the seventh-largest contributor to the UN, Canada has a core interest in ensuring that the UN is fit for purpose. We support reforms to make it more effective, efficient, relevant and accountable.
• Canada will continue to be present at the tables where international norms and rules are developed and adopted; this is critical for us to adequately defend and promote our interests, priorities and values.
• As part of the Transformation Implementation Plan, GAC has committed to reviewing how best to expand its influence in the UN and other multilateral organizations to advance Canada’s priorities and interests.

Supporting Facts And Figures

• In 2023, Canada ranked as 7^th largest contributor to the UN system in both assessed and voluntary contributions – after the US, Germany, Japan, China, UK and Netherlands, and down from 6^th in 2022.
• Canada’s total contribution to the UN in 2023 was USD1,6 billion, representing 3.475% of the total UN budget.
• Our annual assessed contribution to the UN system in 2023 was USD369 million. Canada also contributed significant voluntary contributions (USD1,2 billion).
• The United States and China are the two top contributors to the UN according to the current scale of assessment, however, have both been in arrears for years, seriously affecting the UN’s ability to pursue its core activities.
• While Canada continues to be a major financial contributor, Canada’s assessed contributions share (the percentage of the total core UN budget allocated to Canada) will decline in 2025 as new scales of assessment are agreed.

Overseas Comprehensive and Supplementary Medical Coverage (Public Service Health Care Plan)

• The Government of Canada is aware that some members who are covered under the Public Service Health Care Plan (PSHCP) have faced delays when trying to reach Canada Life’s emergency travel and comprehensive coverage service provider MSH International.
• MSH International is a sub-contractor for Canada Life, the contract for the Public Service Health Care Plan was signed between the federal government and Canada Life. The sub-contractor provides emergency travel and comprehensive coverage services on behalf of Canada Life.
• Global Affairs Canada (GAC) has been informed that Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat (TBS) officials are working with Canada Life and MSH International to address these challenges and have put in place an action plan.

Supplementary Messages

• GAC is working with TBS to address the challenges currently being experienced by employees posted abroad who are covered under the PSHCP overseas comprehensive and Supplementary medical coverage.
• GAC is providing medical advances through the Foreign Service Directives to employees posted overseas so that required medical care can be sought and bills paid while their medical claims are processed by MSH International.

Background

The Canada Life Assurance Company (Canada Life) was awarded the contract to administer the PSHCP following a competitive procurement process which came into effect on July 1, 2023. The contract replaces the former administrator of 27 years, Sun Life Financial and its sub-contractor Global Allianz. Canada Life and its sub-contractor, MSH International now administer all medical claims for public servants in Canada and those posted abroad. The PSHCP was negotiated with the public service bargaining agents, pensioner representatives and the TBS. Improvements that modernize the plan were the result of successful negotiations amongst all parties and responds to the needs of a diverse Canadian public sector workforce, its retirees, and dependants, while respecting the publicly funded nature of the benefits members receive.

Canada’s sanctions regime

• Canada is judicious when it chooses to deploy sanctions and is committed to their effective and coordinated use, when appropriate.
• Canada remains committed to playing a leadership role in the preservation and strengthening of an international rules-based order – sanctions are a key component of this approach.
• Canada has established a rigorous due diligence process to consider and evaluate possible cases of human rights violations, corruption as well as the broader political and international contexts when deciding whether sanctions or any other tools in Canada’s foreign policy toolbox may be an appropriate response.
• Canada considers its use of autonomous sanctions to be consistent with international law. Canada applies humanitarian exemptions, when appropriate, to mitigate the unintended consequences of sanctions, including potentially adverse effects on vulnerable groups within the subject country.

Supplementary Messages

• Canada imposes sanctions to:
  • send a message regarding a violated norm, signal intolerance for impunity, and stigmatize behaviour to deter future actions (communicate);
  • increase the cost for ongoing egregious behaviour and impact a state or individual’s ability to engage in such behaviour (curb); or
  • promote changes in policies or behaviours of a foreign state or individuals (compel).
• Canada has always maintained that sanctions are most effective when they are applied in a coordinated manner. Canada regularly collaborates with G7 and 5EYES counterparts to discuss sanctions measures, compare best practices, and identify opportunities to coordinate.
• Canada and its partners are increasingly seized with improving the effectiveness of our sanctions, including by working together to address sanctions circumvention.

Recent Parliamentary Developments

• On May 30, 2024, the government tabled its response to the Standing House Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (FAAE) report on Canada’s sanctions regime, which agreed with 18 of the 23 recommendations and committed to pursuing them. On October 13, 2023, the government tabled its response to the Standing Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade (AEFA) report on strengthening Canada’s autonomous sanctions architecture, which agreed with 15 of the 19 recommendations and committed to pursuing them. Work is ongoing to implement these recommendations.
• On May 1, 2024, FAAE adopted a motion to study the government’s decision to grant sanctions waivers (i.e. permits) to two aerospace companies to allow them to use Russian titanium in their manufacturing. As of October 2024, no meetings have taken place on this study.

Supporting Facts And Figures

• As of November 6, 2024, over 1,200 entities and close to 3,300 individuals are designated under the Special Economic Measures Act (SEMA), and 80 individuals are listed under the Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Act (JVCFOA).
• Since early 2022, Canada has imposed over 120 regulatory sanctions packages.
• In total, there are 20 regulations under the SEMA and 14 regulations under the United Nations Act.

Background

Canada has three laws authorizing the imposition of sanctions. Canada implements UN Security Council sanctions decisions into Canadian law using the United Nations Act. The JVCFOA allows Canada to directly target foreign nationals who are responsible for or complicit in specific cases of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights or acts of significant corruption committed in foreign states. The SEMA allows Canada to impose sanctions in relation to a state in four situations:

1. where an international organization to which Canada belongs calls on its members to take economic measures against a foreign state;
2. where a grave breach of international peace and security has occurred and is likely to result in a serious international crisis;
3. where gross and systematic violations of human rights have occurred; or
4. where a national of a foreign state, who is either a foreign public official or associate of such an official, is responsible for or complicit in acts of significant corruption.

Permits and certificates are issued at the discretion of the Minister of Foreign Affairs to persons in Canada and Canadians outside Canada on an exceptional, case-by-case basis with respect to activities that are prohibited under SEMA and JVCFOA. The permitting process is an integral part of Canada’s sanctions regime to ensure exceptions can be granted when they are deemed to be in Canada’s national interest, when an activity may fulfill humanitarian purposes, or to help address unintended consequences. The Government of Canada respects privacy and commercial confidentiality and does not comment on whether permit applications have been made or if they have been granted.

Africa strategy

• In August 2024, Minister Joly announced that a new Africa Strategy would be released before the end of 2024.
• At the second Canada-African Union Commission High-Level Dialogue on November 7, 2024, Ministers made a series of announcements in support of the Africa Strategy.
• The Strategy’s key pillars focus on enhancing partnerships related to diplomacy, peace and security, trade, development and strengthened people-to-people ties.

Supplementary Messages

• At the second Canada-African Union Commission High-Level Dialogue the Government announced initiatives and projects that flow from the Africa Strategy. This included Special Envoys for Africa and for the Sahel; a diaspora engagement mechanism; $54M for peace and security initiatives; a future Trade Mission to the continent; a new Africa Trade Hub; a trade and development nexus program; $176.6M in development projects focused on youth and women’s empowerment; and a new Embassy in Benin and High Commission in Zambia.
• Under the Africa Strategy, Canada will strengthen its support for peace and security, strengthen its ties with and presence in African countries and institutions, strengthen economic partnerships for shared prosperity and strengthen partnerships for people – reducing poverty, providing humanitarian assistance, supporting economic development and empowering youth.

Supporting Facts And Figures

• In Canada, the African diaspora has more than quadrupled, from 300,000 people in 2000 to 1.3 million in 2021.
• Canada is a popular study destination for Africans. In 2022, over 98,665 study permit holders came from Africa, representing 10% of the total number of study permit holders in Canada.
• The AU’s Agenda 2063 emphasizes the role of the private sector in achieving inclusive and sustainable development – in particular, underlining the importance of promoting entrepreneurship across the continent.

Background

The Minister of International Trade was directed in her 2021 Mandate Letter to produce “a strategy for economic cooperation across Africa”. Separately, Parliamentary Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Rob Oliphant, received verbal direction from MINA in 2022 to produce an Africa Strategy (later called Framework, and then Strategy (again) following MINA’s August 2024 announcement). These two processes were consolidated in spring 2024.

Developing Canada’s Africa Strategy has involved numerous consultations and engagements with African and Canadian stakeholders since 2022, including recent consultations on Canada’s engagement that closed on September 15, 2024.

The Strategy focusses on strengthening, expanding, and making more visible Canada’s partnerships with African countries and institutions. The second HLD was designed to present Canada’s renewed vision for relations with Africa as set out in the forthcoming Africa Strategy.

People’s Republic of China – current issues

Trade and Investment

China is Canada’s third-largest merchandise export market, with 4.0% of total exports in 2023, well behind the U.S. (77.4%) and just behind the EU-27 (4.5%). In the first half of 2024, China was Canada’s third largest trading partner with two-way merchandise trade totaling $55.7 billion, a 5.0% decrease from the same time in 2023. Canadian merchandise exports to China during the period were $14.1 billion (7.6% lower than 2023), while Canadian merchandise imports from China were $41.6 billion (4.1 % lower than 2023). Canada’s merchandise trade deficit stood at $27.5 billion in the first half of 2024, a 2.2% decrease from the same period in 2023.

Air Services

Canada and China remain closely engaged on the matter of air services. As a result of this positive engagement, beginning November 1, 2024, Canadian and Chinese carriers have been permitted to incrementally operate a limited increased level of service between the two countries that is in-line with passenger demand. Canada’s objective is that increased air services are added to the Canada-China market in a manner that will both meet passenger demand and offer an equitable and competitive operating environment for the air carriers of both countries.

Surtax Measures

On August 26, 2024, Canada announced that it would impose 100 percent surtaxes on Chinese electric vehicles, and 25 percent surtax on Chinese steel and aluminum. Subsequently, it launched a second 30-day consultation on potential surtaxes concerning imports of batteries and battery parts, semiconductors, solar products, and critical minerals from China. In response, China has initiated anti-dumping investigations into Canadian canola seeds and halogenated butyl rubber, has requested World Trade Organization consultations on Canada’s surtaxes measures, and has launched an ‘anti-discrimination’ investigation under its domestic law that could lead to additional countermeasures.

Foreign interference

Canada is taking a whole-of-government approach to address foreign interference. In May 2024, the Public Inquiry into Foreign Interference released its initial report following two weeks of public hearings. The report described China as the most persistent and sophisticated foreign interference threat to Canada, and found that foreign interference occurred during the 2021 and 2019 elections. In the second phase, which took place in September and October, the Commission examined the capacity of the Government of Canada to detect, deter, and counter interference. The final report is due by December 31. On June 20, Bill C-70, An Act respecting countering foreign interference, received Royal Assent. This legislation updates existing laws to better equip the government to detect, disrupt, and protect against foreign interference threats against all people in Canada. The bill also includes the Foreign Interference Transparency and Accountability Act, which will create a Foreign Influence Transparency Registry. The 2025-2026 National Cyber Threat Assessment released by the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security on October 30, 2024, identified the PRC as the most sophisticated cyber threat facing Canada.

Taiwan Strait transit

On 20 October 2024, the HMCS Vancouver joined the USS Higgins from the U.S. 7th fleet on a routine transit through the Taiwan Strait. The transit was criticized by the Chinese military. The HMCS Vancouver is currently deployed in Northeast Asia as part of Operation HORIZON, which is Canada’s mission to promote peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region. During this deployment, HMCS Vancouver is participating in various bilateral and multinational exercises and engagements with regional militaries and security partners. Additionally, the ship is contributing to the monitoring of United Nations sanctions against North Korea through Operation NEON.

TikTok

Following a national security review process, the Government of Canada on Nov 6 ordered the wind-up of the Canadian business carried on by TikTok Technology Canada, Inc. The government took this decision to address the specific national security risks related to ByteDance Ltd.’s operations in Canada through the establishment of TikTok Technology Canada, Inc. The decision was based on the information and evidence collected over the course of the review and on the advice of Canada’s security and intelligence community and other government partners. The government’s decision was made in accordance with the Investment Canada Act, which allows for the review of foreign investments that may be injurious to Canada’s national security.

India

Update

• On October 14, the RCMP held a press conference where they shared that agents of the Indian government were complicit in crimes in Canada, including murder, extortion and intimidation. After India refused to waive diplomatic immunities for six persons of interest, Minister Joly declared six accredited Indian representatives personae non gratae (PNG). India reciprocated by declaring PNG six Canadian officials from our High Commission in New Delhi.
• On October 29, you participated as a panelist at SECU alongside NSIA Drouin and RCMP Deputy Commissioner Flynn. SECU is conducting a study on electoral interference and criminal activities in Canada from agents of the Government of India.
• On November 1, India summoned Canada’s Chargé d’Affaires to express concern regarding “absurd and baseless allegations” against the Indian Home Minister allegedly made in your testimony. A Canadian response disputing this claim was sent to Indian authorities on November 6.
• On November 3, protests against Indian authorities in Canada delivering consular services outside consular premises (aka consular camps) turned violent in Brampton. A number of arrests were made.
• On November 7, an MEA spokesperson alleged that the Government of Canada banned Australia Today after the outlet aired an interview with FM Jaishankar that was critical of Canada. India stated that it highlighted “the hypocrisy of Canada towards freedom of speech”. Following a public GAC statement on November 11, major Indian media outlets corrected this false claim.

Background

• In 2023, Canada became aware of credible allegations, based on intelligence, of a potential link between agents of the Government of India and the killing of a Canadian citizen in Canada.
• Canada conducted quiet diplomacy with India seeking cooperation in the related law enforcement investigation. India refused all Canadian overtures, including our request to partially lift immunity for Indian diplomats and consular officials deemed persons of interest in the investigation to allow for their participation in RCMP interviews.
• In the interest of public safety and disrupting a network stoking violence in Canadian communities, the RCMP requested that Global Affairs Canada use diplomatic tools to help address the issue. On October 14, 2024, Minister Joly declared six accredited Indian representatives personae non gratae (PNG). India reciprocated by declaring PNG six Canadian officials from our High Commission in New Delhi.
• This is not a decision Canada took lightly. India is a central tenet of our Indo-Pacific strategy.
• Canada and India continue to share significant interests and unique links, including through roughly 2 million Canadians who have direct business and family ties to India.
• Canadian ministers and senior officials, including through diplomatic, law enforcement and intelligence channels, maintain regular interactions with their counterparts in the Government of India.

Latin America and The Caribbean

(Including Situation in Haiti and Venezuela)

Top Line Messages

• Canada enjoys strong political and economic partnerships with many Latin American and Caribbean countries, built on shared values, principles and priorities.
• Canada’s priorities in the region include democracy and human rights, inclusive growth and addressing irregular migration.
• Concerned about declining support for democracy and human rights, especially women’s and 2SLGBTQI+ rights, and threats to the rule of law.
• Canada encourages Haitian transitional authorities to take action to restore security, organize credible elections, fight corruption, and ensure accountability.
• Canada continues to work with the international community to support a negotiated, Venezuelan-led solution that respects the democratic will of the people and establishes grounds for a peaceful transition.

Background

Democracy and human rights: Democratic institutions are under threat in many countries in the Americas. The threat of narco-criminality has led some governments to suspend rights, restrict civil society and take legislative steps which undermine the rule of law. The region is also witnessing strong backlash against the rights of women and girls, gender equality, and 2SLGBTQI+ rights. Well-funded movements have found success and allies in redefining the understanding of gender equality and questioning the gains that have been made both regionally and internationally.

Irregular migration: There are more than 22 million forcibly displaced people in the LAC region, not counting the millions of other migrants who have left their homes for other reasons. Over the last year, migration through the Darien gap (between Colombia and Panama) has significantly reduced and diversified (Chinese are now the third highest nationality). Several factors seem to have contributed to the reduction, but analysts are uncertain this trend will continue, while renewed instability in Venezuela could drive a new wave of migration. In 2023, Canada provided US$10M to the Inter-American Development Bank’s Grant Facility for Migration for programming that will promote the socio-economic integration of refugees and migrants in host countries and enhance their protection in transit countries. Since 2019, Canada has also provided over $180M in assistance to respond to the Venezuelan crisis.

Venezuela: Following the July presidential election, the regime-controlled National Electoral Council proclaimed incumbent Nicolas Maduro the winner. Meanwhile, the opposition collected over 83% of the official tally sheets showing that opposition candidate Edmundo Gonzalez won with 67% of votes. In line with reputable media and independent assessments, Canada deems this evidence to be credible. On Sept. 7, Gonzalez was forced to flee for Spain, where he has been granted asylum. Brazil, Mexico and Colombia have tried to facilitate a solution, but the process is currently stalled. The inauguration of Maduro is scheduled for January 10. Canada does not intend to recognize Maduro as the legitimate president of Venezuela. The Maduro regime is dangerously isolating Venezuela from the region and traditional partners –i.e.: the US and Europe– and it is strengthening its relations with countries which do not have democratic principles as pillars of their governance, notably China, Russia, Iran, Cuba. These partners provide strategic support to the Maduro regime. Following Brazil’s veto, Venezuela failed to join BRICS as partner country at the Kazan Summit in Russia in October 2024.

Haiti: The crisis in Haiti is ongoing, with growing inflation, extreme poverty, and high levels of insecurity. Gang violence has displaced over 700,000 Haitians, creating unprecedented levels of instability and straining government resources. Added to this, the large-scale deportations of undocumented Haitians by the Dominican Republic since the beginning of October (approx.10,000 per week) could further deteriorate the humanitarian situation. At the political level, much remains to be done to hold elections before February 2026. On November 10^th, after months of tensions between the executive branches of government and accusations of corruption against members of the Transitional Presidential Council (TPC), the TPC replaced Prime Minister Conille with Alix Didier Fils-Aimé, a well-known businessman. In June 2024, the Multinational Security Support Mission (MSSM) and the Haitian National Police started joint operations against the gangs, who have responded with strong resistance. The MSSM however lacks funding and equipment to achieve its mandate, renewed on September 30 by the UNSC until October 2025. Canada has been engaged to mobilize additional support from the international community for the MSSM and, working with CARICOM, to urge the transitional authorities not to lose sight of their ultimate goals of restoring security and democratic order. Canada has committed more than $400M in international assistance to Haiti since 2022 and is the largest contributor to the MSSM ($86.2M) after the US’ mostly in-kind contribution.

The Situation In Iran And The IRGC

Latest Developments

• On October 26, Israel conducted direct airstrikes on Iranian military sites, targeting missile and drone manufacturing facilities as well as air defence systems. Canada and its G7 partners have each independently urged Iran to exercise restraint and avoid retaliation.
• Following Iran’s attack, the U.S., U.K., Australia, and the EU imposed sanctions on Iranian individuals and entities linked to missile production, petroleum trade, and arms transfers to Russia.
• On October 1, Iran launched over 180 missiles into Israel in response to the targeted killings of senior leaders in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Hamas, and Hezbollah. In response, the G7 issued a joint statement condemning the direct military attack against Israel.
• On September 14, Canada, alongside G7 partners, condemned Iran’s export of ballistic missiles to Russia, stating that this support escalates Iran’s military involvement in Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, called for an immediate cessation of such transfers, and pledged to hold Iran accountable for undermining global security.

Supporting Facts And Figures

• Sanctions: To date, Canada has sanctioned 455 Iranian individuals and entities for breaches of international peace and security, violations related to Iran’s nuclear program, and human rights abuses—particularly the persecution of women and girls—under the Special Economic Measures Act (SEMA) and the Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Act (JVCFOA). These sanctions restrict financial dealings and freeze assets in Canada, notably targeting Iran’s morality police, as well as senior law enforcement, military, and judicial officials. The latest round of sanctions was announced on September 17, when Canada sanctioned five individuals for their implication in significant human rights violations in Iran following the death of Mahsa Amini while in custody by the Iranian police in September 2022. [REDACTED]Terrorist designation: On June 19, 2024, Canada designated the IRGC as a terrorist entity under the Criminal Code, following previous listings of several terrorist entities that have received support from Iran. [REDACTED]State supporter of terrorism designation: In 2012, Canada designated Iran as a state supporter of terrorism under the State Immunity Act. This designation, along with the Justice for Victims of Terrorism Act, allows victims to pursue civil action against Iran for losses or damages stemming from acts of terrorism linked to Iran committed anywhere in the world.
• Entry ban on Iranian officials: Canada designated the Iranian government as one that engages in terrorism and systematic human rights violations under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. This designation results in an open-ended ban on senior officials who have served since June 23, 2003—the date marking the arbitrary detention, subsequent torture, and killing of Iranian-Canadian photojournalist Zahra Kazemi. As a result, tens of thousands of senior members of the Iranian regime, including high-ranking leaders from the IRGC and key figures in the regime’s security, intelligence, and economic sectors, are barred from entry.
• Multilateral advocacy: This fall, Canada is sponsoring the UN General Assembly resolution on the human rights situation in Iran for the 22nd consecutive year. This resolution plays a vital role in international efforts to hold Iran accountable and demonstrate solidarity with the Iranian people as they seek truth, justice, and full respect for their human rights. Year after year, this resolution is adopted by the UN General Assembly.
• Nuclear program monitoring: At the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Canada consistently calls on Iran to meet its political commitments and legal obligations. As a leading contributor to the IAEA’s monitoring and verification of Iran’s nuclear program, Canada has allocated $23 million since 2014.

Background

• Response to Israel: On October 26, Israel conducted strikes against Iran’s air-defence batteries and missile factories in retaliation for Iran’s ballistic missile barrage on October 1. While these strikes represent the largest direct attack on Iranian territory since the Iran-Iraq war of the 1980s, [REDACTED] Should Iran retaliate it risks escalating tensions, further jeopardizing its struggling economy and critical infrastructure. With its air-defence systems significantly degraded, Iran’s capacity to defend against further Israeli strikes is diminished. Despite renewed Iranian rhetoric threatening retaliation, its heightened vulnerability may prompt Iran to exercise caution, recognizing that Israel possesses both the capability and resolve to escalate a confrontation beyond Iran's capacity to counter effectively, particularly given Israel’s technological edge and support from the U.S.[REDACTED]Deepening strategic alliance with Russia: Since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Iran has emerged as one of Russia’s primary military supporters, supplying ballistic missiles, drones, and ammunition in exchange for defence cooperation. This resulted in a G7 Foreign Ministers’ statement on September 14, as well as on sanctions imposed by several G7 countries.
• Human rights situation: On September 13, the UN’s Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Iran highlighted that, two years after the “Woman, Life, Freedom” protests sparked by Mahsa Amini's unlawful death, Iran has intensified efforts to suppress the rights of women and girls, stifling remaining initiatives for women's activism.
• Nuclear program: Masoud Pezeshkian’s recent speech at the UN, while more conciliatory in tone than in the past, presented no new content. Over the past few years, Iran has repeatedly expressed its willingness to return to the nuclear agreement, despite incrementally violating its terms—such as lifting the cap on its uranium stockpile, expanding enrichment capabilities, and resuming activities at prohibited nuclear facilities—in exchange for nuclear-related sanctions relief. This stance is likely driven by the country’s severe economic situation as well as by a leadership that uses strategic patience and plays the long game.

Le Canada Et La Francophonie

• Heureuse d’avoir participé au dernier Sommet de la Francophonie, les 4 et 5 octobre 2024 au côté du Premier ministre.
• Ce Sommet a aussi permis à la Nouvelle-Écosse de se joindre à l’Organisation internationale de la Francophonie à titre d’observateur, un autre pas important pour les Acadiens et Acadiennes.
• Le Canada travaille activement à promouvoir la langue française et à renforcer la démocratie et les droits de la personne, l’égalité des genres, l’action climatique, ainsi que la coopération dans les domaines économiques et numériques au sein de l’espace francophone.
• Le Canada souhaite poursuivre la modernisation de la gouvernance de l’OIF ainsi que nos efforts en matière de bonne gouvernance, de transparence et de gestion axée sur les résultats.

Gouvernance de l’OIF (au besoin) :

• Dans le cadre de sa participation au sein des organisations multilatérales dont l’OIF, le Canada demeure soucieux du maintien de l’éthique, de la transparence et de saines pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines et financières.
• Nous avons noté au cours des derniers mois des progrès considérables en matière de bonne gouvernance à l’OIF, en particulier en ce qui concerne l’éthique de même que la prévention et la lutte contre le harcèlement.

Contexte :

OIF : Pivot de la Francophonie institutionnelle, l’Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) compte 93 États et gouvernements membres et observateurs en provenance de cinq continents qui représentent plus de 321 millions de francophones. L’OIF est dotée d’un budget annuel d’environ 100 M$. En tant que pays bilingue et multiculturel, le Canada dispose, en francophonie, d’un forum privilégié où les États-Unis, la Chine, la Russie et d'autres acteurs majeurs ne sont pas présents. Pays fondateur de la Francophonie institutionnelle et deuxième bailleur de fonds après la France, avec des contributions annuelles de plus de 42 M$ en 2024-202, dont environ 21 M$ à l’OIF, le Canada avance activement ses priorités en matière de langue française, de diversité culturelle.

Sommet de la Francophonie : Les 4 et 5 octobre dernier a eu lieu le XIXe Sommet de la Francophonie, le Sommet de Villers-Cotterêts, sur le thème « Créer, innover, entreprendre en français ». Ce thème a été une occasion de relancer le français dans une approche plurilingue, et moderniser la Francophonie, en valorisant son pouvoir attractif et les perspectives en matière de création d’emploi, ciblant les jeunes et les femmes.

Gouvernance de l’OIF : Depuis 2019, la Francophonie a entrepris un plan de transformation de l’organisation en vue d’améliorer son fonctionnement, accroître sa crédibilité et permettre une action plus ambitieuse et efficace auprès des populations francophones. La relation entre l'OIF et le Canada a connu quelques soubresauts au cours des deux dernières années à la suite aux résultats d'un sondage interne rapportant des allégations de harcèlement au sein de l’OIF. En septembre 2023, un code d’éthique et de conduite révisé, ainsi que la Politique de prévention et de lutte contre toute forme de harcèlement de l’OIF ont été adoptés, et des mécanismes de formation, de prévention et de traitement des plaintes ont été mis en place. En 2024, l’OIF a également adopté une politique de prévention et de lutte contre tout acte frauduleux. Grâce aux avancés en matière de gouvernance, le Canada a rétabli sa contribution volontaire du Canada de 2.75 millions de dollars pour l’année financière 2024-2025.

Les provinces : Outre le Canada, les gouvernements du Québec et du Nouveau‐Brunswick sont membres de plein droit tandis que l'Ontario a le statut d’observateur. La Nouvelle-Écosse a été acceptée à titre d’observateur lors du Sommet de la Francophonie de Villiers-Cotterêts.

Public Inquiry Into Foreign Interference

• The Public Inquiry into Foreign Interference is an important part of informing Canadians about the threats posed by foreign interference and ensuring confidence in Canada’s democratic institutions.
• As part of our commitment to transparency and cooperation, Global Affairs Canada has been working, along with other implicated departments, to provide the Commission with access to relevant classified and unclassified information dating back years in some cases.
• The Commission is independent from the Government of Canada and operates at an arm’s length. This means that Global Affairs Canada does not exert any level of control over the Commission, the information it studies or its conclusions.

Background

On September 7, 2023, the Government of Canada announced a Public Inquiry into Foreign Interference in Federal Electoral Processes and Democratic Institutions. The Government created the Foreign Interference Commission to respond to concerns about foreign interference (FI) in the 2019 and 2021 general elections.

Public hearings for Parts A and B of the PIFI Commission’s mandate took place from March 27, 2024, to April 12, 2024, where the Commission heard from witnesses including Government officials and recognized experts on the topic of FI by China, Russia, India, and other foreign state actors in the 43rd and 44th federal general elections. The Commission’s first report on the allegations of during the 2019 and 2021 general elections was delivered by May 3, 2024.

Part C of the PIFI Commission’s mandate was on the topic of the Government of Canada’s efforts to detect, deter, and counter FI. Public hearings ran from September 16, 2024, to October 16, 2024. The GAC panel took place on Friday, October 4, 2024. The public hearings were followed by a week of policy roundtables from October 21 - 24, 2024, designed to engage civil society and academia to inform the Commission’s recommendations.

The inquiry will produce a final report by December 31, 2024. It will examine the capacity of relevant federal departments and agencies in detecting, deterring, and countering FI and make recommendations how the Government of Canada can improve this capacity.

Arms Exports To Israel

• Since January 8th, 2024, the Government of Canada has not approved any new arms export permits to Israel, and this remains the government’s approach.
• Taking into account the rapidly evolving situation on the ground, Canada suspended a number of export permits for military items destined to Israel during the summer.
• These suspensions are in line with Canada’s robust export controls regime and will allow time to further assess the situation to ensure consistency with Canada’s foreign policy objectives.

Supplementary Messages

• Canada supports Israel’s right to live peacefully and securely with its neighbours, recognizing its right to protect its citizens from terrorist attacks in accordance with human rights and international law.
• Canada remains deeply concerned about the serious impacts the war has on Palestinian civilians in Gaza.
• The government is looking at ways to provide guidance to exporters of controlled goods and technology, but it must also take into account the very fluid situation on the ground.
• The government is in contact with those involved with the possible Foreign Military Sale by the United States to ensure that it would adhere to Canada’s rigorous export permit regime and be consistent with its long-standing policy towards the United States.

Background

Global Affairs Canada does not comment on individual permits or permit applications. We have an obligation to protect confidential information about the commercial activities of individual companies. The suspensions of permits approved before January 8, 2024, for items destined to Israel announced during the summer are not a broad decision and only concern a number of export permits. Suspensions are not irreversible, and permits could be reinstated or amended with terms and conditions once the assessment is completed.

The Export and Import Permits Act (EIPA) allows for the broad authority to amend, suspend, cancel or reinstate any export permit including suspending for the purpose of further investigation of new credible and relevant information. The specific details of items exported under an export permit are protected commercial information. On August 13, 2024, the U.S. Department of State approved “a possible U.S. Foreign Military Sales (FMS)” to Israel involving General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems Inc. (GDOTS-C), located in Quebec. Items described under this potential FMS include 50,400 mortar cartridges (i.e. “120mm High Explosive Mortar Cartridges and related equipment”) are controlled for export under Canada’s Export Control List. The government understands that the soonest delivery of any such items would be in 2026. Officials are in touch with the company to ensure that it adheres to Canada’s rigorous export permit regime.

U.S. Elections

Top Line Messages

• Pleased to see timely and clear election results.
• The Trump administration is likely to be receptive and open to Canadian proposals for closer cooperation and collaboration on certain issues of shared concern.
• Canada is looking forward to working together with the incoming Trump Administration on trade, investment, and continental peace and security.
• Canada will continue to defend our interests and advance opportunities, as we have always done.
• We are aware that the incoming administration will likely introduce a series of measures via Executive Order as early as its first day in office. We are monitoring potential impacts on Canada and planning accordingly.
• The new administration will take office on January 20, 2025. They are moving quickly to announce cabinet nominees and we look forward to engaging with them officially and at senior levels, once those individuals are confirmed.

Supplementary Messages

If asked about Biden’s legacy

• President Biden is likely to focus on international engagement, including confirmed visits to Brazil for the G20 and to Angola to signal support for Africa.
• Biden’s efforts may also focus on “future-proofing” key elements of his foreign and domestic policy agenda.
  • This includes continuing to roll out funds, programs, and regulations related to the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), two of his key legislative achievements.
• Canada can use this period to conclude bilateral deliverables that build on progress made recently.

Team Canada

• Team Canada engagement since January has expanded and strengthened relationships and ensured that key elected officials, decision-makers and influencers understand the impact that Canada has on their communities, including by creating well-paying jobs through investment and providing energy security.

Supporting Facts And Figures

Since January, Team Canada visits have been conducted in 23 U.S. states (including the District of Columbia) and 9 provinces/territories. Team Canada has held over 300 meetings so far to engage with key stakeholders, resulting in 1300 interactions, 60% of which are with business leaders and nearly 30% with elected, government or campaign officials.

Background

On the early morning of November 6, 2024, former President Donald J. Trump was elected 47th President of the United States, after winning all the swing states and the popular vote nationwide. Republicans also successfully flipped the Senate, and maintained control of the House of Representatives. At the state level, 11 races for governor generally performed as anticipated with no major surprises.

With a Republican trifecta, President Trump will likely enjoy significant leeway in appointing cabinet members, confirming judges, and influencing legislative decisions in Congress, thereby enhancing his capacity to implement his policy agenda.

President Biden has committed to maximizing his remaining time in office by advancing initiatives aimed at reducing gun violence, expanding childcare and elder care, lowering prescription drug costs, addressing climate change, and continuing to support efforts to negotiate a ceasefire in the ongoing Israel-Hamas war.

Team Canada Engagement Strategy

On January 23, 2024, Prime Minister Trudeau announced the Team Canada Engagement Strategy (TCES), to ensure that Canada is well-placed to advance and protect its interests regardless of the outcomes of the 2024 U.S. elections. Team Canada is about continued and consistent outreach across Canada and the United States to raise the level of recognition and understanding amongst Canadians and Americans of the interdependent nature of our relationship and economies.

In Canada, the strategy involves engagement with Canadian stakeholders (e.g., leaders in government, business, labour, and academia) who have strong and influential ties in the United States. In the U.S., engagement focuses on key elected officials, decision-makers, and influencers in both the Republican and Democratic parties and at all levels, including federal, state, and municipal, to increase awareness of the critical role that Canada plays in U.S. prosperity and security.

Official Languages

• The modernization of the Official Languages Act refers to the Government of Canada’s commitment to advancing the use of English and French in the conduct of Canada’s external affairs and to promoting French as part of Canada’s diplomatic relations.
• GAC promotes the use of French in each of its spheres of activity.
• By deploying such efforts, GAC contributes to increasing its official language capacity and promoting the equal use of French and English, including among foreign service officers.
• 100 % of rotational positions are bilingual.
• GAC’s transformation plan aims to centralize second language training offered to employees wishing to obtain or maintain their level of bilingualism. This centralization must take into account the current financial resources of the department and that, in certain situations, other types of training (e.g. twinning, mentoring) should be considered.
• The linguistic profile of all positions with supervisory functions (e.g., conducting performance reviews), will be increased in line with the Treasury Board Secretariat’s directive scheduled to come into force in June 2025.